중국의 역사. A history of China., [3d ed. rev. and enl.], by Wolfram Eberhard

중국의 역사. A history of China., [3d ed. rev. and enl.], by Wolfram Eberhard
CONTENTS
？ INTRODUCTION 1

？ THE EARLIEST TIMES
？ Chapter I: PREHISTORY
o 1 Sources for the earliest history 7
o 2 The Peking Man 8
o 3 The Palaeolithic Age 8
o 4 The Neolithic Age 9
o 5 The eight principal prehistoric cultures 10
o 6 The Yang- shao culture 12
o 7 The Lung- shan culture 15
o 8 The first petty States in Shansi 16

？ Chapter II: THE SHANG DYNASTY (c. 1600- 1028 B.C.)
o 1 Period, origin, material culture 19
o 2 Writing and Religion 22
o 3 Transition to feudalism 24

？ ANTIQUITY
？ Chapter III: THE CHOU DYNASTY (c. 1028- 257 B.C.)
o 1 Cultural origin of the Chou and end of the Shang
dynasty 29
o 2 Feudalism in the new empire 30
o 3 Fusion of Chou and Shang 32
o 4 Limitation of the imperial power 36
o 5 Changes in the relative strength of the feudal states 38
o 6 Confucius 40
o 7 Lao Tz？ 45

？ Chapter IV: THE CONTENDING STATES (481- 256 B.C.):
DISSOLUTION OF THE FEUDAL SYSTEM
o 1 Social and military changes 51
o 2 Economic changes 53
o 3 Cultural changes 57

？ Chapter V: THE CHIN DYNASTY (256- 207 B.C.)
o 1 Towards the unitary State 62
o 2 Centralization in every field 64
o 3 Frontier Defence. Internal collapse 67

？ THE MIDDLE AGES
？ Chapter VI: THE HAN DYNASTY (206 B.C.- A.D. 220)
o 1 Development of the gentry- state 71
o 2 Situation of the Hsiung- nu empire; its relation to the
Han empire. Incorporation of South China 75
o 3 Brief feudal reaction. Consolidation of the gentry 77
o 4 Turkestan policy. End of the Hsiung- nu empire 86
o 5 Impoverishment. Cliques. End of the Dynasty 90
o 6 The pseudo- socialistic dictatorship. Revolt of the "Red
Eyebrows" 93
o 7 Reaction and Restoration: the Later Han dynasty 96
o 8 Hsiung- nu policy 97
o 9 Economic situation. Rebellion of the "Yellow Turbans".
Collapse of the Han dynasty 99
o 10 Literature and Art 103
Chapter VII: THE EPOCH OF THE FIRST DIVISION OF CHINA (A.D.
220- 580)
？ (A) The three kingdoms (A.D. 220- 265)
o 1 Social, intellectual, and economic problems during the
period of the first division 107
o 2 Status of the two southern Kingdoms 109
o 3 The northern State of Wei 113
？ (B) The Western Chin dynasty (265- 317)
o 1 Internal situation in the Chin empire 115
o 2 Effect on the frontier peoples 116
o 3 Struggles for the throne 119
o 4 Migration of Chinese 120
o 5 Victory of the Huns. The Hun Han dynasty (later
renamed the Earlier Chao dynasty) 121
？ (C) The alien empires in North China, down to the Toba (A.D. 317-
385)
o 1 The Later Chao dynasty in eastern North China (Hun;
329- 352) 123
o 2 Earlier Yen dynasty in the north- east (proto- Mongol;
352- 370), and the Earlier Ch'in dynasty in all north China
(Tibetan; 351- 394) 126
o 3 The fragmentation of north China 128
o 4 Sociological analysis of the two great alien empires 131
o 5 Sociological analysis of the petty States 132
o 6 Spread of Buddhism 133
？ (D) The Toba empire in North China (A.D. 385- 550)
o 1 The rise of the Toba State 136
o 2 The Hun kingdom of the Hsia (407- 431) 139
o 3 Rise of the Toba to a great power 139
o 4 Economic and social conditions 142
o 5 Victory and retreat of Buddhism 145
？ (E) Succession States of the Toba (A.D. 550- 580): Northern Ch'i
dynasty, Northern Chou dynasty

o 1 Reasons for the splitting of the Toba empire 148
o 2 Appearance of the (G？k) Turks 149
3 The Northern Ch'i dynasty; the Northern Chou dynasty
150
？ (F) The southern empires

o 1 Economic and social situation in the south 152
o 2 Struggles between cliques under the Eastern Chin
dynasty (A.D. 317- 419) 155
o 3 The Liu- Sung dynasty (A.D. 420- 478) and the Southern
Ch'i dynasty (A.D. 479- 501) 159
o 4 The Liang dynasty (A.D. 502- 556) 161
o 5 The Ch'en dynasty (A.D. 557- 588) and its ending by the
Sui 162
o 6 Cultural achievements of the south 163