The Sun Also Rises is a 1926 novel written by American author Ernest Hemingway about a group of American and British expatriates who travel from Paris to the Festival of San Ferm?n in Pamplona to watch the running of the bulls and the bullfights. An early and enduring modernist novel it received mixed reviews upon publication. Hemingway biographer Jeffrey Meyers writes that it is "recognized as Hemingway s greatest work" [2] and Hemingway scholar Linda Wagner-Martin calls it his most important novel.[3] The novel was published in the United States in October 1926 by the publishing house Scribner s. A year later the London publishing house Jonathan Cape published the novel with the title of Fiesta. Since then it has been continuously in print. Hemingway began writing the novel on his birthday (21 July) in 1925 finishing the draft manuscript barely two months later in September. After setting aside the manuscript for a short period he worked on revisions during the winter of 1926. The basis for the novel was Hemingway s 1925 trip to Spain. The setting was unique and memorable showing seedy caf? life in Paris and the excitement of the Pamplona festival with a middle section devoted to descriptions of a fishing trip in the Pyrenees. Hemingway s sparse writing style combined with his restrained use of description to convey characterizations and action became known as demonstrating the Iceberg Theory.
